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Are you curious if those all night cram study hours are working? I bet your
wondering if they are actually helping or hurting your midterm grade? I'm sure
all of us have spent an all nighter studying for that Chemistry or Economics
exam that you just have to do well on because its 50 percent of your grade. Not
only are you studying so hard for that A+, but your mental well-being. We all
feel pressured to do well in college for many reasons. For that high paying job
were promised if we graduate from a top-notch school or what about the
assumption that you will have a better future. And for those of you whose
parents are paying thousands of dollars for tuition, wouldn't want to let mom or
dad down. The answer is here. June J. Pilcher conducted a study of whether sleep
deprivation affects your ability of acing that test if you just would have went
to bed earlier.
June J. Pilcher published an article "How sleep Deprivation
Affects Psychological Variables Related to College Students Cognitive
Performance," in the Journal of American College Health on November of 1997.
Voluntary sleep deprivation is a common occurrence for many collge students,
who often partially deprive themselves of sleep during the week and compensate
by increasing their sleep time over the weekend. This pattern of sleep
deprivation and rebound becomes more pronounced around examination periods,
sometimes resulting in 24 to 48 hours of sleep deprivation. By depriving
themselves of sleep, college students are not only increasing their feelings of
sleepiness during the day, thus decreasing their ability to pay attention in
class, but are also negatively affecting their ability to perform on exams.
The effect of sleep deprivation on psychological variable associated with
performance, such as self-reported estimates of attention, effort, and
performance, have not been thoroughly investigated. Few studies have examined
perceived effort and performance, and the results from those studies have often
been contradictory. For example, some researchers have suggested that sleep
deprivation may affect the willingness of the individual to put forth the effort
to perform well on a task more than the actual ability of the individual to
perform.
By contrast, other researchers have concluded that people may
realize a decrease in performance levels following sleep deprivation and attempt
to overcome this by increasing their effort . However other studies have shown
that a perceived increase in effort does not appear to overcome the harmful
effects of sleep deprivation. In one study, the participants were given a reward
for better performance, which resulted in an increase in perceived effort but no
change in actual performance. In addition, studies have shown that increasing
amounts of sleep loss do not have a harmful effect on participants'
self-reported motivational levels. As these results show the relationship
between sleep deprivation and psychological variables associated with
performance are not clearly understood.
This current experiment was done to
find out what college students are really doing to themselves when they pull an
all night full of studying. The experiment addresses three basic specific
issues. First does it affect their levels of concentration, effort and estimated
performance? Secondly does sleep deprivation significantly alters mood states
that may be related to performance. For example was their increased fatigue,
confusion, and tension and decreased vigor. The final purpose of their study was
to determine whether sleep deprivation alters peoples' ability to make an
accurate assessment of their concentration, effort and estimated performance.
This is a basic research experiment because it is the study of a fundamental
issue and is extending our understanding of why sleep deprived college students
are not producing as good as results as non sleep deprived students. Furthermore
this experiment is just to show what we as college students shouldn't do. It
provides us with information on whether to stay up all night studying or to get
a good nights rest. Which will help us get the grade we want and deserve.
June J. Pilcher is an assistant professor in the department of psychology at
Bradley University. He got his bachelor degree in 1984 at The University of
Southern Mississippi in psychology and computer science. He then went to Max
Planck Institute for Psychiatry in Munich, Germany in 1984-1985. After his time
in Germany he came back to the United States and got his Masters in
biopsychology at The University of Chicago.
Forty four students participated
in the study. Twenty-six of them women and eighteen of them were men. The mean
age was 20.5 years. Each student was randomly assigned to a sleep deprived or
non-sleep deprived group. The group of non-sleep deprived students was told to
go home and sleep for approximately 8 hours in normal sleeping conditions.
However the sleep-deprived group remained awake under the supervisions of two
research assistants in the sleep laboratory. The participants interacted with
each other and with the research assistants, watched movies, played video and
board games, or worked on personal projects during the night, but were asked to
limit caffeinated beverages and sugary snacks to two each. The next morning both
groups were taken to the library, after breakfast, and tested. All participants
then took the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questioner, which asks questions
about their mood. For example do they feel friendly, tense and or angry? After
completing this they filled out the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal
(WG). This survey measures their cognitive performance. And then finally they
were given the Cognitive Interference Questionnaire (CG), which provides a list
of types of thoughts. The participants respond by stating how often they
experienced those thoughts while completing the WG task. The testing period took
less than one hour. The results of the experiment showed that sleep deprived
students reported higher subjective levels of concentration while completing the
task than the nondeprived participants did. The sleep-deprived students also
estimated that they expended significantly more effort to complete the task than
did the nondeprived participants. Although sleep-deprived participants actually
performed worse on the WG than the significantly higher levels of estimated
performance than the nondeprived participants did.
I believe this experiment
did work well and showed great results that us college students can benefit
from. One being that the sleep deprived student has to use more concentration
than a nondeprived student to do cognitive tasks. So when your up all night
studying for that midterm you have the next morning, remember that the longer
you stay the up the harder it is going to be to stay focused. Also from the
study we are shown that sleep deprived students have an extreme increase in
fatigue and confusion. Now we all know that these are two characteristics that
are just not allowed when taking that "got to pass" exam. So lets just all go to
bed earlier and stop wasting our time studying all night. Get some sleep!!
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